ABSTRACT
Stem cell transplantation has great potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most widely studied. Studies have shown that BMSCs mainly perform their functions in a paracrine manner, and the exosomes released by BMSCs show biological activities similar to BMSCs. As a cell-free therapy, BMSCs exosomes have made a lot of progress in the field of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the research progress of BMSCs-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
ABSTRACT
Objective By comparing the physical properties (cell area, volume and elastic modulus) of red blood cells (RBCs) between newborn infants and the elderly over 80 years old, and correlation with the physiological and biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin, the effects of different ages and biochemical parameters on RBC physical properties were analyzed. Methods The mcropipette aspiration was used to measure the surface area, volume and elastic modulus of erythrocytes in newborn infants and the elderly over 80 years old, and the data were analyzed by statistical distribution analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results The mean values of RBC volume, surface area and elastic modulus in the elderly over 80 years old were smaller than those in newborn infants, and the mean values of RBC mechanical parameters in the same age group were not significantly different. The erythrocytes geometric parameter distribution of newborn infants was more concentrated than that of the elderly, while the elastic modulus distribution of newborn infants was more dispersed than that of the elderly. The mechanical properties of RBCs in newborn infants were highly correlated with the total cholesterol and gestational week; the mechanical properties of RBCs in the elderly were highly correlated with diastolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusions There are significant differences in physical properties of RBCs between newborn infants and the elderly over 80 years old, and the biochemical parameters that affect physical properties of RBCs at different ages are also different.
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We prepared a polymorphic form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate (Form I) to overcome the instability and irritating odor of valnemulin hydrochloride that affect its use in the production and application of veterinary drugs. The physicochemical properties of Form I were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed the crystal structure and thermal properties of Form I were very different from those of a commercially available form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate (Form II). Form I and Form II were more stable than valnemulin hydrochloride after storage under irradiation and high humidity conditions, respectively. The solubility of Form I was 2.6 times that of Form II, and Form I was selected for use in pharmaceutical kinetics experiments in vivo. Compared to valnemulin hydrochloride, after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg in pigs, Form I had similar pharmaceutical kinetic behavior but a slightly higher area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration. Consequently, Form I should be suitable for the development of simple formulations and be effective in the clinical application of veterinary drugs.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Humidity , Hydrogen , Kinetics , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Odorants , Pharmacokinetics , Powder Diffraction , Solubility , Spectrum Analysis , Swine , Veterinary DrugsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive surgery combined with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for early gastric cancer (EGC).Methods The clinical data of 39 EGC patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy from December 2008 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Results 36 SLN negative EGC patients received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 3 SLN positive EGC patients underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection.The mean number of SLN was (2.8 ± 1.0).The SLN detection rate and accuracy of determination of lymph node (LN) status were both 100％.The rate of LN metastasis in patients with EGC was 8％ with no false negative rate.In ESD group, local recurrence and liver metastasis developed in one each cases.Meanwhile 1 patient in laparoscopic group sufferd postoperative liver and lung metastasis.Total disease free survival was 95％.Conclusions Minimally invasive surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy for EGC is both safe and feasible.
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Objective To observe the dynamic level of platelet activation and to analyze the correlation between platelet activation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)in patients with acute ischemie stroke. Methods Mean platelet component concentration(MPC)and white blood count(WBC)were serially determined in patients with acute isehemic stroke,and other parameters including initial plasma fibrinogen(FIB)and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)aggregative rate were also determined.All parameters were compared between the SIRS group and the non-SIRS group.Correlation was analyzed between initial MPC and SIRS score,WBC,FIB and ADP aggregative rate. Results MPC level was declined slightly on the first day,and was followed by a relatively low MPC level from the second day to the forty-fifth day.The average level was fluctuated between 229 g/L and 242 g/L.There was no significant difference in initial FIB(t=1.835,P=0.07)between the SIRS group and the non-SIRS group,but the differences of other parameters had statistical significance(all P＜0.01).In the first three days,MPC level was negatively correlated with SIRS score(r=-0.392,-0.376,-0.341,t=3.484,3.405,3.125 respectively,all P＜0.01),but not correlated with WBC,FIB and ADP aggregative rate(P＞0.05). Conclusions Platelets maintain an activated state during the entire course of ischemic stroke.The initial level of platelet activation.WBC count and ADP aggregative rate are higher in SIRS patients than in non-SIRS patients.The initial level of platelet activation suggests the severity of SIRS,and may be one of the independent risk factors for SIRS.